Introduction:
Severe psoriasis is commonly treated with biologic medications which block IL-23 or IL-17. There is evidence suggesting that these biological pathways are relevant to HPV infections and their clearance. Studies suggest HPV infections induce excess IL-17 which is thought to suppress the body’s immune response to HPV. It is therefore hypothesised that IL-17 inhibition may allow a greater immune response to and clearance of HPV. Conversely, animal studies suggest that IL-23 may play an important role in preventing the progression of premalignant lesions to cancer.
We describe a case report of a patient with severe plaque psoriasis who was switched from an IL-23 blocker to an IL-17 blocker after being diagnosed with CIN associated with HPV.
Case
A 38-year-old woman has been managed since 2015 for severe chronic plaque psoriasis with Ustekinumab (IL-23 blocker).
In May 2023, the patient’s psoriasis was no longer adequately controlled with Ustekinumab. She was also noted to have a positive cervical screening test in April 2022 with HPV-18 and other genotypes identified. This patient had not previously received vaccination against HPV. The histopathology from large loop excision of the transformation zone confirmed high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion without evidence of invasive malignancy.
Given the research findings described above and her poor disease control, the decision was made to change the patient from Ustekinumab (IL-23 blocker) to Secukinumab (IL-17 blocker). On repeat cervical smear test in April 2024, there was no evidence of squamous intraepithelial lesion nor HPV.
Conclusion
Preliminary research suggests that IL-17 and IL-23 pathways may be important for cervical HPV clearance and CIN development. We present a case who cleared cervical HPV after switching from an IL-23 to an IL-17 for treatment of her psoriasis. Further research is required to investigate, understand and verify these effects in more detail.